• green vegetable oil processing. revised first edition in Malaysia
  • green vegetable oil processing. revised first edition in Malaysia
  • green vegetable oil processing. revised first edition in Malaysia
  • green vegetable oil processing. revised first edition in Malaysia
  • Why is Physical refining of vegetable oil important?
  • Physical refining of vegetable oils offers great opportunity for green vegetable oil processing and is a contribution toward sustainability of oil mills and refineries. This chapter explains that Hydrogenation continues to be a standard unit operation in the production of fats and oils for food and industrial uses.
  • How is oil extracted from a vegetable?
  • The oil is released from the oil cells by mixing and the application of pressure. The resulting oil is then separated from the vegetable material by decantation and in more recent times with the application of centrifugation to separate the various phases, making the process continuous and less labor intensive ( Petrakis, 2006 ).
  • How long does it take for oil to be malaxed?
  • The length of time the pulp is malaxed can range from 40 to 90 minutes, on average 60 minutes. Werman and Neeman (1987) chose a mixing time of 30 minutes to optimize their experimental conditions. The actual time required will depend on the ease at which the oil is released from the pulp.