• oil palm plantations world agroforestry in Malaysia
  • oil palm plantations world agroforestry in Malaysia
  • oil palm plantations world agroforestry in Malaysia
  • oil palm plantations world agroforestry in Malaysia
  • How big is the oil palm cultivation area in Malaysia?
  • According to Fig. 5 b, the oil palm cultivation area in Malaysia increased from 3.4 Mha (10.3% of the total land area) in 2000 to 5.7 Mha (17.2% of the total land area) in 2021. This increase represents 68% growth over the last two decades.
  • Why is plantation agriculture a problem in Malaysia?
  • But for the country’s forests and wildlife, plantation agriculture is an industry that comes at a cost. Across Peninsular Malaysia, where nearly half of the country’s palm oil is produced, demand for agricultural land is increasing in step with population growth and expanding commercial use of oil palm.
  • How sustainable is Malaysia's oil palm oil?
  • Moreover, 86.39% of Malaysia’s oil palm plantations and 96.04% of their refiners have been certified as sustainable under the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification scheme established in 2015 to mitigate social and environmental impacts from the oil palm supply chain (Law and Wong 2021).
  • Do oil palm plantations contribute to deforestation in Indonesia?
  • Austin et al. (2019) determined through Google Earth images that oil palm plantations contributed to 23% of deforestation in Indonesia from 2001 to 2016. Austin et al. (2017) in Indonesia and Cheng et al. (2017) in Malaysia used satellite imagery and land cover maps to analyze the expansion of oil palm plantations up to 2015.
  • Are oil palm plantations expanding?
  • Austin et al. (2017) in Indonesia and Cheng et al. (2017) in Malaysia used satellite imagery and land cover maps to analyze the expansion of oil palm plantations up to 2015. Their findings revealed that the total area of oil palm plantations had grown to 9.0 million hectares (Mha) in Indonesia and 6.1 Mha in Malaysia.
  • Why do Malaysian farmers turn to oil palm?
  • Starting in 2016, rubber prices decreased in Malaysia, so smallholder farmers abandoned their rubber plantations, and many farmers converted to oil palm, which generally prefers crops that offer high and quick returns on investment (Shevade and Loboda 2019).