• opportunities to optimize the palm oil supply chain
  • opportunities to optimize the palm oil supply chain
  • opportunities to optimize the palm oil supply chain
  • opportunities to optimize the palm oil supply chain
  • How can a smallholder plantation increase the economic value of palm oil?
  • In the short to medium term, improving the smallholder plantation yield is the most optimal way to maximize regional economic gains from the palm oil industry. In the medium to long term, improving electricity grid connection to palm oil mills could bring higher economic value as excess electricity is commercialized.
  • How can palm oil supply chain planning and operation be used?
  • The results can be used to assist in strategic decision-making around the planning and operation of the palm oil supply chain in terms of the cost competitiveness of oil palm biomass utilization, emissions reduction, biomass technology selection, and the prioritization of grid connectivity.
  • How much does a more efficient palm oil supply chain cost?
  • Total costs of a more efficient palm oil supply chain (billion USD/y). Legend: Sc-ref: Incorporating the government policy to foster the utilization of palm biomass residue; Sc-yield: Improving the yield of small-scale plantations; Sc-grid: Improving bioelectricity delivery; Sc-yield-grid: Combination of Sc-ref and Sc-grid. Figure 7.
  • How does supply chain optimization affect palm oil production in Sumatra?
  • Sumatra accounts for more than 60% of the oil palm plantations and palm oil mills, and close to 70% of total palm oil production in Indonesia . Supply chain optimization considers process engineering to systematically synthesize, design, and analyze biomass processing for multiple purposes [11, 12].
  • How can a national palm oil agro-industrial supply chain be sustainable?
  • Determine the sustainability of the national palm oil agro-industrial supply chain; it can be done using the triple bottom line concept covering economic, social, and environmental dimensions.
  • Is the palm oil supply chain geographically explicit?
  • As far as we are aware, the study is the first attempt to model the palm oil supply chain in a geographically explicit way while considering regional infrastructures in Sumatra Island, Indonesia.