• perspective onn palm oil production line didiek
  • perspective onn palm oil production line didiek
  • perspective onn palm oil production line didiek
  • perspective onn palm oil production line didiek
  • Why are there no case studies of palm oil production in Africa?
  • In contrast, few case studies were found in Africa despite the continent being the origin of palm oil cultivation. The low number of case studies in Africa could result from a combination of low yield in palm oil and lack of capacity in researching and reporting on impact.
  • How can we achieve sustainable economic growth in the palm oil industry?
  • Conclusions Implementing a sustainable supply chain is crucial to achieving sustainable economic growth in the palm oil industry. By combining sustainable supply chain management with environmental, social, and economic performance, we can effectively work toward the long-term sustainability of the palm oil sector.
  • How does palm oil trade affect society?
  • A few studies have reported positive impacts of palm oil trade such as improvement in farmer income, economic benefit for smallholders, opportunities for employment in rural areas (McCarthy, 2010), improved livelihoods, and improvement in economic growth and GDP (Li, 2015). However, palm oil production also has direct negative social impacts.
  • Can a game-theoretical model improve the palm oil supply chain?
  • The study develops and investigates a game-theoretical model for the palm oil supply chain to optimize decisions regarding fresh fruit bunch quantity, edible oil, and biomass energy prices. Particularly, the palm oil industry has the option of converting biomass to energy or not.
  • When did the oil palm industry start in Indonesia?
  • The later rise of the oil palm industry in Indonesia occurred during the twenty-first century when there was a > 5-fold increase in oil production from 8.3 Mt in 2000 to 43.5 Mt in 2020.
  • What is the game theory of palm oil?
  • The game-theoretical players consist of palm oil mills and farmers. Palm oil farmers determine the quantity of fresh fruit bunches that need to be delivered to palm oil mills. The palm oil mills, in turn, process the commodity into edible oil and biomass energy.